EMF Radiation IS harmful
The amount of peer-reviewed (quality) research that indicates EMF (non-ionising) radiation is harmful to us and our environment, numbers in the thousands.
On this page we’ll be adding links to research. It will be a growing collection of information. We are ordering them bases on source of radiation but then also in reference to the health issues they relate to. This does mean that some research that mentions multiple health issues, is likely listed multiple times so that those looking for EMF research in relation to a specific health issue can find it more easily.
A good source of research can also be found on www.bioinitiative.org and www.phiremedical.org
EMF Radiation Research on Electricity Electric and Magnetic Fields
Possible effects of electric blankets and heated waterbeds on fetal development
Nancy Wertheimer PhD, Ed Leeper – “Seasonal patterns were seen in fetal growth and in abortion rate for families using electrically heated beds. These patterns could be attributed to the seasonal use of heated beds. …seen only in users, and not in nonusers…”
View in Wiley Online Library, BioElectroMagnetics 1986: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bem.2250070103/abstract
Occupational exposure for magnetic fields and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
For this case–cohort analysis within the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, 58 279 men and 62 573 women aged 55–69 years at enrolment in 1986 were followed up for 17.3 years on ALS mortality. Information on occupational history and potential confounders were collected at baseline through a self-administered questionnaire and entered for a random subcohort (2092 men and 2074 women) and ALS deaths (76 men and 60 women). Occupational exposure to solvents, pesticides, metals, extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) and electrical shocks was estimated by means of job exposure matrices (JEMs).
Occupational exposure to ELF-MF showed a possible association with ALS mortality among men: HR for ever holding a job with high exposure versus background 2.19 (95% (CI): 1.02 to 4.73) and HR for the highest tertile of cumulative exposure versus background 1.93 (95% CI 1.05 to 3.55).
These results strengthen the evidence suggesting a positive association between ELF-MF exposure and ALS.
View on BMJ Journals – Occupational & Environmental Medicine
Maternal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy in relation to the risk of asthma in offspringNLi, DK, Chen H, Odouli R – Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Canada |
A Possible association between Fetal/neonatal Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Increased incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).
“…Previously, the incidence of autism has been reported as 4-5 per 10,000 children. The most recent evidence indicates an increased incidence of about 1 per 500 children. … It is suggested that fetal or neo-natal exposures to radiofrequency radiation may be associated with an increased incidence of autism.” Read abstract at PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14962625 Read report here: http://www.emfbioeffects.org/report.html
Tumor promotion by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields below exposure limits for humans
Alexander Lerchla, Melanie Klosea, Karen Grotea, Adalbert F.X. Wilhelmb, Oliver Spathmannc, Thomas Fiedlerc, Joachim Streckertc, Volkert Hansenc, Markus Clemens
“Numbers of tumors of the lungs and livers in exposed animals were significantly higher than in sham-exposed controls. In addition, lymphomas were also found to be significantly elevated by exposure. A clear dose-response effect is absent.” Exposure levels tested 0 (sham), 0.04, 0.4 and 2 W/kg SAR.
Read Abstract
Tumor promotion by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields below exposure limits for humans
Alexander Lerchla, Melanie Klosea, Karen Grotea, Adalbert F.X. Wilhelmb, Oliver Spathmannc, Thomas Fiedlerc, Joachim Streckertc, Volkert Hansenc, Markus Clemens
“Numbers of tumors of the lungs and livers in exposed animals were significantly higher than in sham-exposed controls. In addition, lymphomas were also found to be significantly elevated by exposure. A clear dose–response effect is absent.” Exposure levels tested 0 (sham), 0.04, 0.4 and 2 W/kg SAR.
Read Abstract
Tumor promotion by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields below exposure limits for humans
Alexander Lerchla, Melanie Klosea, Karen Grotea, Adalbert F.X. Wilhelmb, Oliver Spathmannc, Thomas Fiedlerc, Joachim Streckertc, Volkert Hansenc, Markus Clemens
“Numbers of tumors of the lungs and livers in exposed animals were significantly higher than in sham-exposed controls. In addition, lymphomas were also found to be significantly elevated by exposure. A clear dose-response effect is absent.” Exposure levels tested 0 (sham), 0.04, 0.4 and 2 W/kg SAR.
Read Abstract
Melanoma Incidence and Frequency Modulation (FM) Broadcasting
Örjan Hallberg & Olle Johansson
“A correlation between melanoma incidence and the number of locally receivable FM transmitters was found. The authors concluded that melanoma is associated with exposure to FM broadcasting.”
Read abstract
Breast cancer and melatonin: Magnetic fields block melatonin’s oncostatic (anti-cancer) action
By Liburdy RP, Sloma TR, Sokolic R, Yaswen P Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkley Laboratory, US Berkley, CA 9472 “These results provide the first evidence that ELF frequency magnetic fields can act at the cellular levels to enhance breast cancer cell proliferation by blocking melatonin’s natural oncostatic action. In addition, there appears to be a dose threshold between 2 and 12 mG.” View at PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8320637
Environmental magnetic fields inhibit the antiproliferative action of tamoxifen and melatonin in a human breast cancer cell line
By Harland JD, Liburdy RP Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA. “We have previously reported that environmental-level magnetic fields (1.2 microT [12 milligauss], 60 Hz) block the growth inhibition of the hormone melatonin (10(-9) M) on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro. We now report that the same 1.2 microT, 60 Hz magnetic fields significantly block the growth inhibitory action of pharmacological levels of tamoxifen (10(-7) M).” View at PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9383244
“Exposure to high RF-EMFR generated by MPBS is associated with elevated level of HbA1c and prevalence of pre diabetes mellitus among school aged adolescents.RF-EMFR appears to be another risk factor contributing to high levels of HbA1c and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study provides awareness to the community and to the health officials regarding the effects of RF-EMFR generated by MPBS on HbA1c and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus.” |
World Health Organisation (WHO) – What is EHS?
EHS is characterized by a variety of non-specific symptoms, which afflicted individuals attribute to exposure to EMF. The symptoms most commonly experienced include dermatological symptoms (redness, tingling, and burning sensations) as well as neurasthenic and vegetative symptoms (fatigue, tiredness, concentration difficulties, dizziness, nausea, heart palpitation, and digestive disturbances). The collection of symptoms is not part of any recognized syndrome.
December 2005 – View on World Health Organisation website
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: evidence for a novel neurological syndrome
Dec 2011: McCarty DE, Carrubba S, Chesson AL, Frilot C, Gonzalez-Toledo E, Marino AA
“…the subject developed temporal pain, headache, muscle twitching, and skipped heartbeats within 100 s after initiation of EMF exposure…”
View at Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21793784
Environmental Electromagnetic field and Female Fertility
By Leila Roshangar and Jafar Soleimani – “There is no doubt that cell damages are the basis of all disorders occurs after EMF exposure. In support of our findings Sandra et al/ (Sandra et al. 2000) suggested that EMF-exposure might impair mammalian female reproductive potentiality by reducing the capacity of the follicles to reach a developmental stage that is an essential pre requisite for reproductive success…
…our results suggest that apoptosis plays a critical role in the degeneration of ovarian cortical tissue, luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium and stromal cells in uterus and luminal epithelium in fallopian tube. The present EMF-exposure model can be used when striving to find ways to improve the viability of ovarian tissue in order to grow follicles for subsequent IVF treatment, and or to protect reproductive organs from EMF effect. …”
View full report: http://www.intechopen.com/books/from-preconception-to-postpartum/environmental-electromagnetic-field-and-female-fertility
Environmental Electromagnetic field and Female Fertility
By Leila Roshangar and Jafar Soleimani – “There is no doubt that cell damages are the basis of all disorders occurs after EMF exposure. In support of our findings Sandra et al/ (Sandra et al. 2000) suggested that EMF-exposure might impair mammalian female reproductive potentiality by reducing the capacity of the follicles to reach a developmental stage that is an essential pre requisite for reproductive success…
…our results suggest that apoptosis plays a critical role in the degeneration of ovarian cortical tissue, luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium and stromal cells in uterus and luminal epithelium in fallopian tube. The present EMF-exposure model can be used when striving to find ways to improve the viability of ovarian tissue in order to grow follicles for subsequent IVF treatment, and or to protect reproductive organs from EMF effect. …”
View full report: http://www.intechopen.com/books/from-preconception-to-postpartum/environmental-electromagnetic-field-and-female-fertility
Occupational exposure for magnetic fields and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
For this case–cohort analysis within the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, 58 279 men and 62 573 women aged 55–69 years at enrolment in 1986 were followed up for 17.3 years on ALS mortality. Information on occupational history and potential confounders were collected at baseline through a self-administered questionnaire and entered for a random subcohort (2092 men and 2074 women) and ALS deaths (76 men and 60 women). Occupational exposure to solvents, pesticides, metals, extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) and electrical shocks was estimated by means of job exposure matrices (JEMs).
Occupational exposure to ELF-MF showed a possible association with ALS mortality among men: HR for ever holding a job with high exposure versus background 2.19 (95% (CI): 1.02 to 4.73) and HR for the highest tertile of cumulative exposure versus background 1.93 (95% CI 1.05 to 3.55).
These results strengthen the evidence suggesting a positive association between ELF-MF exposure and ALS.
View on BMJ Journals – Occupational & Environmental Medicine – 2017
Mice exposed during pregnancy had impaired memory, were hyperactive, and had decreased anxiety, indicating that in-utero exposure to radiofrequency is a potential cause of neurobehavioral disorders.
Tamir S. Aldad, Geliang Gan, Xiao-Bing Gao & Hugh S. Taylor
http://www.nature.com/articles/srep00312?
Children with exposure to cell phones (prenatally, postnatally, or both) tended to have higher percentages of borderline or abnormal scores for emotional symptoms, conduct problems hyperactivity, and peer problems.
Hozefa A. Divan, Leeka Kheifets, Carsten Obel and Jørn Olsen
Abstract under ISEE-612 – Full Report
“Sleep disturbances, tiredness, disturbance in concentration, forgetfulness, problem with finding words, depressive mood, ear noises, sudden loss of hearing, hearing loss, giddiness, nose bleeds, visual disturbances, frequent infections, sinusitis, joint and limb pains, nerve and soft tissue pains, feeling of numbness, heart rhythm disturbances, increased blood pressure episodes, hormonal disturbances, night-time sweats, nausea.” and it commented that “It is no way only a subjective sensitivity disturbance. Disturbances of rhythm, hearing problems, sudden deafness, hearing loss, loss of vision, increased blood pressure, hormonal disturbances, concentration impairments, and others can be proved using scientific objective measures.”
2005, Bamberg Doctors’ Report Signed by 175 GPs
Subjective symptoms related to GSM radiation from mobile phone base stations
The symptoms most related to exposure were lack of appetite (OR=1.58, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.03); lack of concentration (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.89); irritability (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.85); and trouble sleeping (OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.84). Changes in –2 log likelihood showed similar results. Concerns about the BSs were strongly related with trouble sleeping (OR =3.12, 95% CI 1.10 to 8.86). The exposure variable remained statistically significant in the multivariate analysis. The bootstrapped values were similar to asymptotic CIs.
Claudio Gómez-Perretta, Enrique A Navarro, Jaume Segura, Manuel Portolés
http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/12/e003836.full
Radio-Frequency Radiation Exposure from AM Radio Transmitters and Childhood Leukemia and Brain Cancer
Mina Ha, Hyoungjune Im, Mihye Lee, Hyun Joo Kim, Byung-Chan Kim, Yoon-Myoung Gimm and Jeong-Ki Pack
“A total of 1,928 leukemia patients, 956 brain cancer patients, and 3,082 controls were analyzed. … The odds ratio for all types of leukemia was 2.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 4.67) among children who resided within 2 km of the nearest AM radio transmitter as compared with those resided more than 20 km from it.”
Read Abstract
A case-control study of childhood leukemia in Southern Ontario, Canada, and exposure to magnetic fields in residences
Lois Mm. Green, A B Miller, P J Villeneuve, D A Agnew, M L Greenberg, J Li, et al “For children younger than 6 years at diagnosis, outside perimeter measurements of the residence, ≥0.15 μT (1.5mG), were associated with increased leukemia risk. … Our findings did not support an association between leukemia and proximity to power lines with the high current configuration.” Read the report on Wiley Online Library: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0215%2819990719%2982:2%3C161::AID-IJC2%3E3.0.CO;2-X/full
Exposure to Magnetic Fields and Survival after Diagnosis of Childhood Leukemia: A German Cohort Study
Anne Louise Svendsen, T Weihkopf, P Kaatsch and J Schuz Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark “Inspired by a recent U.S. study showing poorer survival among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exposed to magnetic fields above 0.3 μT, we examine this relationship in a German cohort of childhood leukemia cases… After adjustment for prognostic risk group, the hazard for exposures above 0.2 μT (2mG) increases to HR, 3.0 (95% CI, 0.9-9.8).” (300% increase) Read abstract at American Association for Cancer Research: http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/16/6/1167.short
Living near overhead high voltage transmission power lines as a risk factor for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case-control study.
Sohrabi et al, 2010. ‘The case group were living significantly closer to power lines (P<0.001). More than half of the cases were exposed to two or three types of power lines (P<0.02). Using logistic regression, odds ratio of 2.61 (95%CI: 1.73 to 3.94) calculated for less than 600 meters far from the nearest lines against more than 600 meters. This ratio estimated as 9.93 (95%CI: 3.47 to 28.5) for 123 KV, 10.78 (95%CI: 3.75 to 31) for 230 KV and 2.98 (95%CI: 0.93 to 9.54) for 400 KV lines. Odds of ALL decreased 0.61 for every 600 meters from the nearest power line. This study emphasizes that living close to high voltage power lines is a risk for ALL.’
Read Abstract with links to full text
Childhood leukemia and magnetic fields in Japan: a case-control study of childhood leukemia and residential power-frequency magnetic fields in Japan.
Kabuto M, et al – National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan. kabuto@nies.go.jp
“…The odds ratio for children whose bedrooms had MF levels of 0.4 microT or higher compared with the reference category (MF levels below 0.1 microT) was 2.6 (95% CI=0.76-8.6) for AML (Acute myelocytic leukemia) + ALL (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and 4.7 (1.15-19.0) for ALL only. Ed: 2.6 means 160% more likely. 4.7 means 370% more likely.
View on PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496405
Miscarriages among Female Physical Therapists Who Report Using Radio- and Microwave frequency Electromagnetic Radiation
Dr Rita Ouellet-Hellstrom and Walter F Stewart, 1992 – “Of the microwave-exposed women, 47.7% had miscarriages prior to the 7th week of pregnancy compared to 14.5% of nonexposed women.”
View in Oxford Journals, American Journal of Epidemiology: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/138/10/775
View in John R. Goldsmith study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1469943/pdf/envhper00331-0192.pdf
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: evidence for a novel neurological syndrome
Dec 2011: McCarty DE, Carrubba S, Chesson AL, Frilot C, Gonzalez-Toledo E, Marino AA
“…the subject developed temporal pain, headache, muscle twitching, and skipped heartbeats within 100 s after initiation of EMF exposure…”
View at Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21793784
Exposure to magnetic fields and the risk of poor sperm quality.
Li DK, Yan B, Li Z, Gao E, Miao M, Gong D, Weng X, Ferber JR, Yuan W Division of Research, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, United States. dkl@dor.kaiser.org “…MF level > or = 1.6mG had a two-fold increase risk of abnormal sperm motility and morphology… Increased duration of MF exposure above 1.6mG further increased the risk…” View at PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19910156?dopt=Abstract
Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields during Pregnancy and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion: A Case-Control Study
Fatemeh Shamsi Mahmoudabadi (Msc), Saeideh Ziaei (MD), Mohammad Firoozabadi (PhD), Anoshirvan Kazemnejad (PhD)
Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
RESULTS: The magnitude of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in the participants´ houses was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure is probably related to early spontaneous abortions.
View abstract: http://journals.umsha.ac.ir/index.php/JRHS/article/view/848 Download full report
Tumor promotion by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields below exposure limits for humans
Alexander Lerchla, Melanie Klosea, Karen Grotea, Adalbert F.X. Wilhelmb, Oliver Spathmannc, Thomas Fiedlerc, Joachim Streckertc, Volkert Hansenc, Markus Clemens
“Numbers of tumors of the lungs and livers in exposed animals were significantly higher than in sham-exposed controls. In addition, lymphomas were also found to be significantly elevated by exposure. A clear dose–response effect is absent.” Exposure levels tested 0 (sham), 0.04, 0.4 and 2 W/kg SAR.
Read Abstract
EMF Radiation Research on Phone Towers
Epidemiologic evidence relevant to radar (microwave) effects.
J R Goldsmith
“Four types of effects were originally reported in multiple studies: increased spontaneous abortion, shifts in red and white blood cell counts, increased somatic mutation rates in lymphocytes, and increased childhood, testicular, and other cancers.”
“Therefore, prudent avoidance of unneeded exposures is recommended as a precautionary measure.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1469943/
Epidemiologic evidence relevant to radar (microwave) effects.
J R Goldsmith
“Four types of effects were originally reported in multiple studies: increased spontaneous abortion, shifts in red and white blood cell counts, increased somatic mutation rates in lymphocytes, and increased childhood, testicular, and other cancers.”
“Therefore, prudent avoidance of unneeded exposures is recommended as a precautionary measure.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1469943/
Long-term exposure to microwave radiation provokes cancer growth: evidences from radars and mobile communication systems.
Yakymenko I1, Sidorik E, Kyrylenko S, Chekhun V.
The carcinogenic effect of MW irradiation is typically manifested after long term (up to 10 years and more) exposure. Nevertheless, even a year of operation of a powerful base transmitting station for mobile communication reportedly resulted in a dramatic increase of cancer incidence among population living nearby. In addition, model studies in rodents unveiled a significant increase in carcinogenesis after 17-24 months of MW exposure both in tumor-prone and intact animals.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21716201
Mortality by neoplasia and cellular telephone base stations in the Belo Horizonte municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil
Adilza C. Dode et al
“Base Station (BS) clusters and deaths by neoplasia in the Belo Horizonte municipality have been identified. The mortality rate has been higher for the residents within an area of 500 m from the BS.” (Base Station means transmitter tower)
Read Abstract
Radio-Frequency Radiation Exposure from AM Radio Transmitters and Childhood Leukemia and Brain Cancer
Mina Ha, Hyoungjune Im, Mihye Lee, Hyun Joo Kim, Byung-Chan Kim, Yoon-Myoung Gimm and Jeong-Ki Pack
“A total of 1,928 leukemia patients, 956 brain cancer patients, and 3,082 controls were analyzed. … The odds ratio for all types of leukemia was 2.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 4.67) among children who resided within 2 km of the nearest AM radio transmitter as compared with those resided more than 20 km from it.”
Read Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence relevant to radar (microwave) effects.
J R Goldsmith
“Four types of effects were originally reported in multiple studies: increased spontaneous abortion, shifts in red and white blood cell counts, increased somatic mutation rates in lymphocytes, and increased childhood, testicular, and other cancers.”
“Therefore, prudent avoidance of unneeded exposures is recommended as a precautionary measure.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1469943/
Epidemiologic evidence relevant to radar (microwave) effects.
J R Goldsmith
“Four types of effects were originally reported in multiple studies: increased spontaneous abortion, shifts in red and white blood cell counts, increased somatic mutation rates in lymphocytes, and increased childhood, testicular, and other cancers.”
“Therefore, prudent avoidance of unneeded exposures is recommended as a precautionary measure.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1469943/
Childhood Cancer in the vicinity of Transmitter Tower, San Francisco
Dr Neil Cherry O.N.Z.M. Associate Professor of Environmental Health
“There are very high and extremely significantly elevated childhood cancer rates where the mean exposure is relatively high but still a very small fraction of the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) standard.”
Full Report
Subjective symptoms related to GSM radiation from mobile phone base stations
Claudio Gómez-Perretta, Enrique A Navarro, Jaume Segura, Manuel Portolés
http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/12/e003836.full
A survey study using questionnaire was conducted in 530 people (270 men, 260 women) living or not in the vicinity of cellular phone base stations, on 18 Non Specific Health Symptoms.Comparisons of complaints frequencies in relation with distance from the base station and sex, show significant (p < 0.05) increase as compared to people living > 300 m or not exposed to base station, till 300 m for tiredness, 200 m for headache, sleep disturbance, discomfort, etc. 100 m for irritability, depression, loss of memory, dizziness, libido decrease, etc. Women significantly more often than men (p < 0.05) complained of headache, nausea, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, depression, discomfort and visual perturbations. This first study on symptoms experienced by people living in vicinity of base stations shows that, in view of radioprotection, minimal distance of people from cellular phone base stations should not be < 300 m. |
Epidemiologic evidence relevant to radar (microwave) effects.
J R Goldsmith
“Four types of effects were originally reported in multiple studies: increased spontaneous abortion, shifts in red and white blood cell counts, increased somatic mutation rates in lymphocytes, and increased childhood, testicular, and other cancers.”
“Therefore, prudent avoidance of unneeded exposures is recommended as a precautionary measure.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1469943/
Simulating the Dispersion of the Energy Flux Density of the Electromagnetic Field Generated by Antennas for Mobile Communications – Raimondas Buckus, et al
Introduction: Electromagnetic radiation emitted by sources for cell telecommunications can be experimentally measured using a variety of software created for simulating the electromagnetic radiation. The simulation of the electromagnetic radiation of mobile telecommunications includes the analysis of a few different antennas emitting electromagnetic radiation, which is difficult in normal conditions, using mathematical models. The rapid growth of technologies in this sector is a significant factor in the growth of concentration too. A precise model helps with managing the electromagnetic fields of the source and helps in predicting impact factors of practical uses (e.g., impact on other structure or the area). Simulation is required for both the existing and intended objects and provides a possibility of foreseeable conditions under which electromagnetic radiation is of the necessary value but does not exceed the permitted limits.
Conclusions: The examination of the upcoming or available antenna or other powerful source of radio waves includes calculating the theoretical parameters of the density taking into account the qualities of the antenna and accepting surrounding terrain as an area with no significant unevenness. Similar places have most frequently installed antennas, and, although the obtained measurement results are satisfactory enough, in order to determine necessary safety requirements, the impact of land relief is unnecessarily downgraded. The wave propagated outwards the antenna is dispersed and, having reflected from terrain, is summed up with the previous one, thus creating a maximum. Uneven terrain changes the maximum position of this electromagnetic field, which needs further examination. Thus, if the simulated values are lower than the established standard, it is still advisable to check them experimentally.
Epidemiologic evidence was relevant to radar (microwave) effects.
J R Goldsmith
“Four types of effects were originally reported in multiple studies: increased spontaneous abortion, shifts in red and white blood cell counts, increased
somatic mutation rates in lymphocytes, and increased childhood, testicular, and other cancers.”
“Therefore, prudent avoidance of unneeded exposures is recommended as a precautionary measure.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1469943/
EMF Radiation Research on Other Wireless Technology
Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phone use and behavioral problems in children.
Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J. Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA. “Exposure to cell phones prenatally-and, to a lesser degree, postnatally-was associated with behavioral difficulties such as emotional and hyperactivity problems around the age of school entry.” View at Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467962?dopt=Abstract
Alteration of diurnal rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate to workers exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
Background: In previous studies we found measurable effects on variability of heart rate and on blood-pressure parameters of workers exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF)compared with a control population, but none of the effects could be assigned clinical significance. In general, the obtained results strongly suggested that dysregulation of the autonomic control of the circulatory system was occurring. Therefore, it seemed logical that analysis of diurnal rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate, on the basis of data from 24 h recordings, might further support the above hypothesis.
Conclusions: Occupational exposure to radiofrequency EMF can result in changes of the diurnal rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate with lowering of their amplitudes and a shift of the acrophase. The clinical relevance of the present finding needs to be investigated in further studies.
Cancer Incidence near Radio and Television Transmitters in Great Britain I. Sutton Coldfield Transmitter
Helen Dolk, Gavin Shaddick, Peter Walls, Chris Grundy, Bharat Thakrar, Immo Kleinschmidt and Paul Elliott
“The risk of adult leukemia within 2 km was 1.83”
Oxford Journals
Radio-Frequency Radiation Exposure from Cell Phones showing clear links to cancers
“The US National Toxicology Program (NTP) has carried out extensive rodent toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) at frequencies and modulations used in the US telecommunications industry. This report presents partial findings from these studies. The occurrences of two tumor types in male Harlan Sprague Dawley rats exposed to RFR, malignant gliomas in the brain and schwannomas of the heart, were considered of particular interest, and are the subject of this report.”
Read overview one US Department of Health and Human services website – Read Abstract
The influence of direct mobile phone radiation on sperm quality
2014: Gorpinchenko I, Nikitin O, Banyra O, Shulyak A. – Institute of Urology at the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
RESULTS: The number of spermatozoa with the progressive movement in the group, influenced by electromagnetic radiation, is statistically lower than the number of spermatozoa with the progressive movement in the group under no effect of the mobile phone. The number of non-progressive movement spermatozoa was significantly higher in the group, which was influenced by cell phone radiation. The DNA fragmentation was also significantly higher in this group.
CONCLUSIONS: A correlation exists between mobile phone radiation exposure, DNA-fragmentation level and decreased sperm motility.
Provocation Study using Heart Rate Variability shows Radiation from 2.4GHz Cordless Phone affects Autonomic Nervous System
Magda Havas, Jeffrey Marrongelle, Bernard Pollner, Elizabeth Kelley, Camilla R.G. Rees, Lisa Tully
“Provocation Experiment: Forty percent of the subjects experienced some changes in their HRV attributable to MW radiation. For some the response was extreme (tachycardia), for others moderate to mild (changes in SNS and/or PSNS). and for some there was no observable reaction either because of high adaptive capacity or because of systemic neurovegetative exhaustion…”
View full report: http://electromagnetichealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/C5-havas-revised-final.pdf
Fetal and neonatal responses following maternal exposure to mobile phones.
Ahmed Y. Rezk, MD, Khaled Abdulqawi, MD, Randa M. Mustafa, MD, Tark M. Abo El-Azm, MD, Hesham Al-Inany, MD
From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Rezk), Pediatrics (Abdulqawi), Physiology (Mustafa), and Cardiology (El-Azm), Benha Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Al-Inany), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Tel. +20 101469022. Fax. +20 013267080. E-mail: kaainih@link.net
“RESULTS: A statistical significant increase in fetal and neonatal HR, and statistical significant decrease in stroke volume and COP before and after use of mobile phone were noted. All these changes are attenuated with increase in gestational age.”
View on PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ View full report: http://www.smj.org.sa/
Decreased Survival for Childhood Leukemia in Proximity to Television Towers
Bruce Hocking & Ian Gordon
“The 5-yr survival in the inner ring (4km radius) of municipalities was 55%, and in the outer ring (4-12km radius) was 71% (i.e., subjects in the inner ring were 23% less likely to survive than those in the outer ring); at 10 yr, survival in the inner and outer rings was 33% and 62%, respectively.”
Read Abstract
Provocation Study using Heart Rate Variability shows Radiation from 2.4GHz Cordless Phone affects Autonomic Nervous System
Magda Havas, Jeffrey Marrongelle, Bernard Pollner, Elizabeth Kelley, Camilla R.G. Rees, Lisa Tully
“Provocation Experiment: Forty percent of the subjects experienced some changes in their HRV attributable to MW radiation. For some the response was extreme (tachycardia), for others moderate to mild (changes in SNS and/or PSNS). and for some there was no observable reaction either because of high adaptive capacity or because of systemic neurovegetative exhaustion…”
View full report: http://electromagnetichealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/C5-havas-revised-final.pdf
Effect of Cell Phone Usage on Semen Analysis in Men Attending Infertility Clinic: An Observational Study
By Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Sharma RK, Ranga G, Li J. Reproductive Research Center, Glickman Urological Institute and Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. agarwaa@ccf.org
Three hundred sixty-one men undergoing infertility evaluation were divided into four groups according to their active cell phone use: group A: no use; group B: <2 h/day; group C: 2-4 h/day; and group D: >4 h/day. The comparisons of mean sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology among four different cell phone user groups were statistically significant. Mean sperm motility, viability, and normal morphology were significantly different in cell phone user groups within two sperm count groups. The laboratory values of the above four sperm parameters decreased in all four cell phone user groups as the duration of daily exposure to cell phones increased. CONCLUSION(S): Use of cell phones decrease the semen quality in men by decreasing the sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology. The decrease in sperm parameters was dependent on the duration of daily exposure to cell phones and independent of the initial semen quality. View at PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17482179
Effect of Cell Phone Usage on Semen Analysis in Men Attending Infertility Clinic: An Observational Study
By Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Sharma RK, Ranga G, Li J. Reproductive Research Center, Glickman Urological Institute and Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. agarwaa@ccf.org
Three hundred sixty-one men undergoing infertility evaluation were divided into four groups according to their active cell phone use: group A: no use; group B: <2 h/day; group C: 2-4 h/day; and group D: >4 h/day. The comparisons of mean sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology among four different cell phone user groups were statistically significant. Mean sperm motility, viability, and normal morphology were significantly different in cell phone user groups within two sperm count groups. The laboratory values of the above four sperm parameters decreased in all four cell phone user groups as the duration of daily exposure to cell phones increased. CONCLUSION(S): Use of cell phones decrease the semen quality in men by decreasing the sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology. The decrease in sperm parameters was dependent on the duration of daily exposure to cell phones and independent of the initial semen quality. View at PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17482179
Effect of Cell Phone Usage on Semen Analysis in Men Attending Infertility Clinic: An Observational Study
By Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Sharma RK, Ranga G, Li J. Reproductive Research Center, Glickman Urological Institute and Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. agarwaa@ccf.org
Three hundred sixty-one men undergoing infertility evaluation were divided into four groups according to their active cell phone use: group A: no use; group B: <2 h/day; group C: 2-4 h/day; and group D: >4 h/day. The comparisons of mean sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology among four different cell phone user groups were statistically significant. Mean sperm motility, viability, and normal morphology were significantly different in cell phone user groups within two sperm count groups. The laboratory values of the above four sperm parameters decreased in all four cell phone user groups as the duration of daily exposure to cell phones increased. CONCLUSION(S): Use of cell phones decrease the semen quality in men by decreasing the sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology. The decrease in sperm parameters was dependent on the duration of daily exposure to cell phones and independent of the initial semen quality. View at PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17482179
Epidemiological evidence for an association between use of wireless phones and tumor diseases
Lennart Hardell, Michael Carlberg, Kjell Hansson Mild Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 85 Örebro, Sweden Department of Radiation Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden “…our review yielded a consistent pattern of an increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma after >10 year mobile phone use.” View abstract on PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19268551 View full report: http://www.mreengenharia.com.br/pathfisology/Pathophysiology_2009_Hardell.pdf